如果要在程序中定時(shí)執(zhí)行任務(wù)，可以使用java.util.Timer這個(gè)類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)。使用Timer類(lèi)需要一個(gè)繼承了java.util.TimerTask的類(lèi)。TimerTask是一個(gè)虛類(lèi)，需要實(shí)現(xiàn)它的run方法，實(shí)際上是他implements了Runnable接口，而把run方法留給子類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
下面是我的一個(gè)例子：
class
Worker extends TimerTask
{
public
void
run()
{
System.
out
.println(
"
我在工作啦！
"
);
}
}
Timer類(lèi)用schedule方法或者scheduleAtFixedRate方法啟動(dòng)定時(shí)執(zhí)行，schedule重載了四個(gè)版本，scheduleAtFixedRate重載了兩個(gè)。每個(gè)方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)都不同，下面是每個(gè)方法的說(shuō)明：
schedule
public void
schedule
(
TimerTask
task,
long delay)
task
- task to be scheduled.
delay
- delay in milliseconds before task is to be executed.
IllegalArgumentException
- if
delay
is negative, or
delay + System.currentTimeMillis()
is negative.
IllegalStateException
- if task was already scheduled or cancelled, or timer was cancelled.
說(shuō)明：該方法會(huì)在設(shè)定的延時(shí)后執(zhí)行一次任務(wù)。
schedule
public void
schedule
(
TimerTask
task,
Date
time)
task
- task to be scheduled.
time
- time at which task is to be executed.
IllegalArgumentException
- if
time.getTime()
is negative.
IllegalStateException
- if task was already scheduled or cancelled, timer was cancelled, or timer thread terminated.
說(shuō)明：該方法會(huì)在指定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)執(zhí)行一次任務(wù)。
schedule
public void
schedule
(
TimerTask
task,
long delay,
long period)
In fixed-delay execution, each execution is scheduled relative to the actual execution time of the previous execution. If an execution is delayed for any reason (such as garbage collection or other background activity), subsequent executions will be delayed as well. In the long run, the frequency of execution will generally be slightly lower than the reciprocal of the specified period (assuming the system clock underlying Object.wait(long) is accurate).
Fixed-delay execution is appropriate for recurring activities that require "smoothness." In other words, it is appropriate for activities where it is more important to keep the frequency accurate in the short run than in the long run. This includes most animation tasks, such as blinking a cursor at regular intervals. It also includes tasks wherein regular activity is performed in response to human input, such as automatically repeating a character as long as a key is held down.
task
- task to be scheduled.
delay
- delay in milliseconds before task is to be executed.
period
- time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
IllegalArgumentException
- if
delay
is negative, or
delay + System.currentTimeMillis()
is negative.
IllegalStateException
- if task was already scheduled or cancelled, timer was cancelled, or timer thread terminated.
說(shuō)明：該方法會(huì)在指定的延時(shí)后執(zhí)行任務(wù)，并且在設(shè)定的周期定時(shí)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
schedule
public void
schedule
(
TimerTask
task,
Date
firstTime,
long period)
In fixed-delay execution, each execution is scheduled relative to the actual execution time of the previous execution. If an execution is delayed for any reason (such as garbage collection or other background activity), subsequent executions will be delayed as well. In the long run, the frequency of execution will generally be slightly lower than the reciprocal of the specified period (assuming the system clock underlying Object.wait(long) is accurate).
Fixed-delay execution is appropriate for recurring activities that require "smoothness." In other words, it is appropriate for activities where it is more important to keep the frequency accurate in the short run than in the long run. This includes most animation tasks, such as blinking a cursor at regular intervals. It also includes tasks wherein regular activity is performed in response to human input, such as automatically repeating a character as long as a key is held down.
task
- task to be scheduled.
firstTime
- First time at which task is to be executed.
period
- time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
IllegalArgumentException
- if
time.getTime()
is negative.
IllegalStateException
- if task was already scheduled or cancelled, timer was cancelled, or timer thread terminated.
說(shuō)明：該方法會(huì)在指定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)執(zhí)行任務(wù)，然后從該時(shí)間點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，在設(shè)定的周期定時(shí)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。特別的，如果設(shè)定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)在當(dāng)前時(shí)間之前，任務(wù)會(huì)被馬上執(zhí)行，然后開(kāi)始按照設(shè)定的周期定時(shí)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
scheduleAtFixedRate
public void
scheduleAtFixedRate
(
TimerTask
task,
long delay,
long period)
In fixed-rate execution, each execution is scheduled relative to the scheduled execution time of the initial execution. If an execution is delayed for any reason (such as garbage collection or other background activity), two or more executions will occur in rapid succession to "catch up." In the long run, the frequency of execution will be exactly the reciprocal of the specified period (assuming the system clock underlying Object.wait(long) is accurate).
Fixed-rate execution is appropriate for recurring activities that are sensitive to absolute time, such as ringing a chime every hour on the hour, or running scheduled maintenance every day at a particular time. It is also appropriate for recurring activities where the total time to perform a fixed number of executions is important, such as a countdown timer that ticks once every second for ten seconds. Finally, fixed-rate execution is appropriate for scheduling multiple repeating timer tasks that must remain synchronized with respect to one another.
task
- task to be scheduled.
delay
- delay in milliseconds before task is to be executed.
period
- time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
IllegalArgumentException
- if
delay
is negative, or
delay + System.currentTimeMillis()
is negative.
IllegalStateException
- if task was already scheduled or cancelled, timer was cancelled, or timer thread terminated.
說(shuō)明：該方法和schedule的相同參數(shù)的版本類(lèi)似，不同的是，如果該任務(wù)因?yàn)槟承┰颍ɡ缋占┒舆t執(zhí)行，那么接下來(lái)的任務(wù)會(huì)盡可能的快速執(zhí)行，以趕上特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
scheduleAtFixedRate
public void
scheduleAtFixedRate
(
TimerTask
task,
Date
firstTime,
long period)
In fixed-rate execution, each execution is scheduled relative to the scheduled execution time of the initial execution. If an execution is delayed for any reason (such as garbage collection or other background activity), two or more executions will occur in rapid succession to "catch up." In the long run, the frequency of execution will be exactly the reciprocal of the specified period (assuming the system clock underlying Object.wait(long) is accurate).
Fixed-rate execution is appropriate for recurring activities that are sensitive to absolute time, such as ringing a chime every hour on the hour, or running scheduled maintenance every day at a particular time. It is also appropriate for recurring activities where the total time to perform a fixed number of executions is important, such as a countdown timer that ticks once every second for ten seconds. Finally, fixed-rate execution is appropriate for scheduling multiple repeating timer tasks that must remain synchronized with respect to one another.
task
- task to be scheduled.
firstTime
- First time at which task is to be executed.
period
- time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
IllegalArgumentException
- if
time.getTime()
is negative.
IllegalStateException
- if task was already scheduled or cancelled, timer was cancelled, or timer thread terminated.
說(shuō)明：和上一個(gè)方法類(lèi)似。
下面是我的一個(gè)測(cè)試片斷：
public
static
void
main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
Timer timer
=
new
Timer(
false
);
timer.schedule(
new
Worker(),
new
Date(System.currentTimeMillis()
+
1000
));
}
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